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This federalism is symmetrical in that the devolved powers of the constituent units are envisioned to be the same. Historically, the state of Jammu and Kashmir was accorded a status different from other States owing to an explicitly temporary provision of the Indian Constitution namely Article 370 (which was revoked by the Parliament in 2019). [1]
Byju's is an education tutoring app that runs on a freemium model, [30] with free access to content limited for 15 days after the registration. [30] [31] It was launched in August 2015, [32] offering educational content for students from classes 4 to 12. [33] In 2019, an early learning program started for classes 1 to 3. [20]
The NITI Aayog (lit. ' Policy Commission '; abbreviation for National Institution for Transforming India) serves as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of the Republic of India, and the nodal agency tasked with catalyzing economic development, and fostering cooperative federalism and moving away from bargaining federalism through the involvement of State Governments of India in ...
He expressed reservations regarding the social and cultural underpinnings of Indian federalism and the influence of politics on centralizing the country's federal system. He advocated for constitutional reforms that he believed were necessary to safeguard cooperative federalism from deteriorating into disintegrating federalism in the country.
An online system named ePathshala, a joint initiative of NCERT and Ministry of Education, has been developed for broadcasting educational e-schooling resources including textbooks, audio, video, publications, and a variety of other print and non-print elements, [18] ensuring their free access through mobile phones and tablets (as EPUB) and from ...
In some federations the entire jurisdiction is relatively homogeneous, and each constituent state resembles a miniature version of the whole; this is known as 'congruent federalism'. On the other hand, incongruent federalism exists where different states or regions possess distinct ethnic groups.
Malaysia is a federation of 13 states formed in 1963 by the merger of the independent Federation of Malaya and the formerly British colonies of Singapore, Sabah, and Sarawak. Under the terms of the federation, Sabah and Sarawak are granted significant autonomy in excess of that exercised by the 11 Malayan states, most notably the control over ...
[10] The first forms of federalism took place in ancient times, in the form of alliances between city states. Some examples from the seventh to second century BC were the Archaic League, the Aetolic League, the Peloponnesian League, and the Delian League. An early ancestor of federalism was the Achaean League in Hellenistic Greece.