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Apraclonidine may be useful in the diagnosis of Horner's syndrome. In Horner's syndrome, the sympathetic innervation to the pupillary dilator muscle is lost. The affected pupil is thus miotic and the pupillary dilator responds to denervation by increasing α 1 receptors. Apraclonidine is useful in this case due to its weak α 1-adrenergic ...
Botulinum toxin is the most acutely lethal toxin that is known. It is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum.It acts inside nerve terminals by decreasing the release of acetylcholine, blocking neuromuscular transmission and thereby causing flaccid muscular paralysis.
Injections of botulinum toxin may diminish in effectiveness with prolonged use and require increased dosage. [48] Injections of botulinum toxin increase the risk of visual complaints and ptosis (eyelid droop). [46] Patients who do not respond well to medication or botulinum toxin injections are candidates for surgical therapy.
The best eye drops for dry eyes in 2023 work to soothe various dry eye symptoms. Here, find expert-approved picks from Refresh, Systane, Opti-Free, and more.
Figure 1.0 - Basic anatomical features of the human eye. Ophthalmic drug administration is the administration of a drug to the eyes, most typically as an eye drop formulation. Topical formulations are used to combat a multitude of diseased states of the eye. These states may include bacterial infections, eye injury, glaucoma, and dry eye. [1]
Delsam Pharma Artificial Tears Lubricant Eye Drops: Also linked to current bacterial infections, this product is also manufactured by Global Pharma Healthcare. Recalled products can be identified ...
Researchers have recently developed a new drug that will ultimately shrink down and dissolve cataracts -- the leading cause of human blindness that affects tens of millions of people worldwide. ...
The ptosis of Horner syndrome can be quite mild or barely noticeable (partial ptosis). [7] When anisocoria occurs and the examiner is unsure whether the abnormal pupil is the constricted or dilated one, if a one-sided ptosis is present then the abnormally sized pupil can be presumed to be on the side of the ptosis. [citation needed]