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Dandruff with shed hair can be symptomatic of dry skin (shed skin scales and hairs on a dark wooden tabletop) The cause is unclear but believed to involve a number of genetic and environmental factors. [9] As the skin layers continually replace themselves, cells are pushed outward where they die and flake off. For most individuals, these flakes ...
These investigations show that the M. globosa is the species that causes most skin disease in humans, and that it is the most common cause of dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis (though M. restricta is also involved). [6] There can be as many as ten million M. globosa organisms on a human head. [4]
The cause is unclear but believed to involve a number of genetic and environmental factors. [2] [4] Risk factors for seborrhoeic dermatitis include poor immune function, Parkinson's disease, and alcoholic pancreatitis. [4] [6] The condition may worsen with stress or during the winter. [4] Malassezia yeast is believed to play a role. [6]
In newborns, it causes a thick, yellow, crusty scalp rash called cradle cap, which seems related to lack of biotin and is often curable. (ICD-10 L21; L21.0) There is a connection between seborrheic dermatitis and Malassezia fungus, and antifungals such as anti-dandruff shampoo can be helpful in treating it. [44]
Malassezia furfur is a fungus that lives on the superficial layers of the dermis.It generally exists as a commensal organism forming a natural part of the human skin microbiota, but it can gain pathogenic capabilities when morphing from a yeast to a hyphal form during its life cycle, through unknown molecular changes. [2]
Aquarium fish are often susceptible to numerous diseases, due to the artificially limited and concentrated environment. New fish can sometimes introduce diseases to aquaria, and these can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Most fish diseases are also aggravated when the fish is stressed. Common aquarium diseases include the following:
A plant's first line of defense against abiotic stress is in its roots. If the soil holding the plant is healthy and biologically diverse, the plant will have a higher chance of surviving stressful conditions. [10] The plant responses to stress are dependent on the tissue or organ affected by the stress. [8]
It also has dramatic changes in the host recipient. Plants are exposed to many stress factors, such as drought, high salinity or pathogens, which reduce the yield of the cultivated plants or affect the quality of the harvested products. Although there are many kinds of biotic stress, the majority of plant diseases are caused by fungi. [4]