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The monarchy of Tikal is the oldest yet known in the Maya Lowlands, having been founded at the turn of the 1st century AD. [1] The dynasty is last attested in the late 9th century, after a span of some 800 years and at least 33 rulers. [2]
Altar Q, erected by King Yax Pac in 776 AD. The 16 kings of Copan, beginning with Yax Kuk Mo in 426 AD., is portrayed each in chronological order. Each king is seated on a version of his particular name glyph. This is a list of the kings of the ancient Maya city-state Copán (current western Honduras).
The Maya kings also offered their own blood to the gods. The rulers were also expected to have a good mind to solve problems that the city might be facing, including war and food crises. Maya kings were expected to ensure the gods received the prayers, praise and attention they deserved and to reinforce their divine lineage. [1]
The history of Maya civilization is divided into three principal periods: the Preclassic, Classic and Postclassic periods; [1] these were preceded by the Archaic Period, which saw the first settled villages and early developments in agriculture. [2]
Maya civilization had reached western Honduras in the 5th century A.D., probably spreading from lowland Mayan centers in Guatemala's Petén region. The Maya spread rapidly through the Río Motagua Valley, centering their control on the major ceremonial center of Copán, near the present-day town of Santa Rosa de Copán. For three and a half ...
Aztec calendar (sunstone) Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation until 3500 BCE); the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Preclassic or Formative (2500 BCE – 250 CE), the Classic (250–900 CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE); as well as the post European contact Colonial Period (1521–1821), and ...
The ruler of a Maya city was the supreme war captain. [20] Some only dictated military activity, while others participated in the battle. [ 20 ] There was a core of warriors that served year-round as guards and obtained sacrificial victims, but most large Maya cities and religious centers had militias.
The government of Maya states, from the Yucatán to the Guatemalan highlands, was often organised as joint rule by a council. However, in practice one member of the council could act as a supreme ruler, while the other members served him as advisors. [76] Mayapan was an important Postclassic city in the northern Yucatán Peninsula.