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A complex function is a function from complex numbers to complex numbers. In other words, it is a function that has a (not necessarily proper) subset of the complex numbers as a domain and the complex numbers as a codomain. Complex functions are generally assumed to have a domain that contains a nonempty open subset of the complex plane.
Another example of a complex random variable is the uniform distribution over the filled unit circle, i.e. the set {| |}. This random variable is an example of a complex random variable for which the probability density function is defined. The density function is shown as the yellow disk and dark blue base in the following figure.
The generalization of the Riemann integral to functions of a complex variable is done in complete analogy to its definition for functions from the real numbers. The partition of a directed smooth curve γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is defined as a finite, ordered set of points on γ {\displaystyle \gamma } .
The theory of functions of several complex variables is the branch of mathematics dealing with functions defined on the complex coordinate space, that is, n-tuples of complex numbers. The name of the field dealing with the properties of these functions is called several complex variables (and analytic space ), which the Mathematics Subject ...
As an example, consider the contour integral. where C is some simple closed curve about 0. Let us evaluate this integral using a standard convergence result about integration by series. We can substitute the Taylor series for into the integrand. The integral then becomes
exists and is a nonzero complex number. In this case, the point at infinity is a pole of order n if n > 0, and a zero of order | | if n < 0. For example, a polynomial of degree n has a pole of degree n at infinity. The complex plane extended by a point at infinity is called the Riemann sphere.
For example, this notion contains the split-complex numbers, which are elements of the ring [] / (as opposed to [] / (+) for complex numbers). In this ring, the equation a 2 = 1 has four solutions. The field R {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} } is the completion of Q , {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} ,} the field of rational numbers , with respect to the ...
A complex-valued function of several real variables may be defined by relaxing, in the definition of the real-valued functions, the restriction of the codomain to the real numbers, and allowing complex values. If f(x 1, …, x n) is such a complex valued function, it may be decomposed as