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Air–fuel ratio (AFR) is the mass ratio of air to a solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel present in a combustion process. The combustion may take place in a controlled manner such as in an internal combustion engine or industrial furnace, or may result in an explosion (e.g., a dust explosion ).
Where %O 2 is the percent O 2 by volume, dry basis, %CO 2 is the percent CO 2 by volume, dry basis, and 20.9 is the percent O 2 by volume in ambient air. The Fuel factor can be corrected for the amount of CO, by adding the percent CO on a dry basis to the CO 2, and subtracting half of the percent CO from the O 2. [2]
The heart of the Mitsubishi's MVV system is the linear air–fuel ratio exhaust gas oxygen sensor. Compared with standard oxygen sensors, which essentially are on-off switches set to a single air/fuel ratio, the lean oxygen sensor is more of a measurement device covering the air/fuel ratio range from about 15:1 to 26:1. [19]
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Appearance. move to sidebar hide. ... Redirect to: Air–fuel ratio#Fuel–air ratio (FAR) Retrieved from "https
A USAF 1951 resolution chart in PDF format is provided by Yoshihiko Takinami. This chart should be printed such that the side of the square of the 1st element of the group -2 should be 10 mm long. USAF 1951 Resolution Target Further explanations and examples; Koren 2003: Norman Koren's updated resolution chart better suited for computer analysis
The fuel being burnt in the lean charge is therefore not 'knock' or octane restricted. This type of stratification therefore can utilise a wide variety of fuels; the specific energy output being dependent only on the calorific value of the fuel. A relatively rich air/fuel mixture is directed to the spark-plug using multi-hole injectors.
Assume a two-stream problem having one portion of the boundary the fuel stream with fuel mass fraction =, and another portion of the boundary the oxidizer stream with oxidizer mass fraction =,. For example, if the oxidizer stream is air and the fuel stream contains only the fuel, then Y O , O = 0.232 {\displaystyle Y_{O,O}=0.232} and Y F , F ...
A mixture with a 14.7:1 air/fuel ratio is stoichiometric, that is when burned, 100% of the fuel and the oxygen are consumed. [citation needed] Mixtures with slightly less fuel, called lean burn are more efficient. The combustion is a reaction which uses the oxygen content of the air to combine with the fuel, which is a mixture of several ...