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  2. Endocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocytosis

    Pinocytosis, which usually occurs from highly ruffled regions of the plasma membrane, is the invagination of the cell membrane to form a pocket, which then pinches off into the cell to form a vesicle (0.5–5 μm in diameter) filled with a large volume of extracellular fluid and molecules within it (equivalent to ~100 CCVs). The filling of the ...

  3. Pinocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinocytosis

    Pinocytosis. In cellular biology, pinocytosis, otherwise known as fluid endocytosis and bulk-phase pinocytosis, is a mode of endocytosis in which small molecules dissolved in extracellular fluid are brought into the cell through an invagination of the cell membrane, resulting in their containment within a small vesicle inside the cell.

  4. Receptor-mediated endocytosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor-mediated_endocytosis

    The ligand and receptor will then recruit adaptor proteins and clathrin triskelions to the plasma membrane around where invagination will take place. Invagination of the plasma membrane then occurs, forming a clathrin-coated pit. [1] Other receptors can nucleate a clathrin-coated pit allowing formation around the receptor.

  5. Intracellular transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_transport

    Endocytosis is defined as the uptake of material by the invagination of the plasma membrane. [4] More specifically, eukaryotic cells use endocytosis of the uptake of nutrients, down regulation of growth factor receptors’ and as a mass regulator of the signaling circuit.

  6. Membrane channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_channel

    Membrane channels are a family of biological membrane proteins which allow the passive movement of ions (ion channels), water or other solutes to passively pass through the membrane down their electrochemical gradient. They are studied using a range of channelomics experimental and mathematical techniques.

  7. T-tubule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-tubule

    T-tubules (transverse tubules) are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.With membranes that contain large concentrations of ion channels, transporters, and pumps, T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an important role in regulating cellular calcium concentration.

  8. Caveolae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caveolae

    Increased levels of cholesterol and insertion of the scaffolding domains of caveolins into the plasma membrane leads to the expansion of the caveolar invagination and the formation of endocytic vesicles. Fission of the vesicle from the plasma membrane is then mediated by GTPase dynamin II, which is localized at the neck of the budding vesicle.

  9. Cell membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

    Illustration of a eukaryotic cell membrane Comparison of a eukaryotic vs. a prokaryotic cell membrane. The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment (the extracellular space).