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High flow anesthesia supplies fresh gas flow which approximates the patient’s minute ventilation, which is usually about 3 to 6 litres per minute in a normal adult. Low flow anesthesia supplies fresh gas flow of less than half the patient's minute ventilation of the patient, which is usually less than 3.0 litres per minute in a normal adult.
In physiologic parameters, this includes elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, stiff ventricle tissue, and dysfunction of the atrio-ventricular valve. In patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, obstruction of blood flow at the atrial septum should be examined and corrected.
The first valve to treat hydrocephalus was introduced in 1949 by Spitz, but this valve had several disadvantages which sometimes risked the patient's life. Knowing this and working in his home shop in Bogotá, Hakim improved and developed a unidirectional valve with the capacity to regulate the CSF pressure by adding a spring pressure control ...
Artificial resuscitator (Bag valve mask) manual ventilation Bain circuit: respiratory maintenance circuit Laryngoscope: used to view larynx including the vocal cords, the glottis, etc. Endotracheal tube: a tube introduced into the patient's trachea to maintain a patient to ensure that air reaches the lungs for respiration: Laryngeal mask airway ...
An adjustable pressure-limiting valve (commonly abbreviated to APL valve, and also referred to as an expiratory valve, relief valve or spill valve) is a type of flow control valve used in anaesthesiology as part of a breathing system. It allows excess fresh gas flow and exhaled gases to leave the system while preventing ambient air from entering.
A collecting assembly / shroud with a relief valve by which the waste gas leaves the breathing or ventilation circuit. A transfer system of tubing to conduct waste gases to the Scavenging Interface. The scavenging interface, and; A disposal line to conduct the waste gas to a passive evacuation system, or a medical vacuum system via a station ...
A Tesla valve, called a valvular conduit by its inventor, is a fixed-geometry passive check valve. It allows a fluid to flow preferentially in one direction, without moving parts. The device is named after Nikola Tesla , who was awarded U.S. patent 1,329,559 in 1920 for its invention.
Special tracheostomy tube valves (such as the Passy-Muir valve [8]) have been created to assist people in their speech. The patient can inhale through the unidirectional tube. Upon expiration, pressure causes the valve to close, redirecting air around the tube, past the vocal folds, producing sound. [9]