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A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula.
(exp x is also written as e x.) expi – cos + i sin function. (Also written as cis.) expm1 – exponential minus 1 function. (Also written as exp1m.) exp1m – exponential minus 1 function. (Also written as expm1.) Ext – Ext functor. ext – exterior. extr – a set of extreme points of a set.
The language of mathematics or mathematical language is an extension of the natural language (for example English) that is used in mathematics and in science for expressing results (scientific laws, theorems, proofs, logical deductions, etc.) with concision, precision and unambiguity.
Mathematical notation is widely used in mathematics, science, and engineering for representing complex concepts and properties in a concise, unambiguous, and accurate way. For example, the physicist Albert Einstein 's formula E = m c 2 {\displaystyle E=mc^{2}} is the quantitative representation in mathematical notation of mass–energy ...
A statement such as that predicate P is satisfied by arbitrarily large values, can be expressed in more formal notation by ∀x : ∃y ≥ x : P(y). See also frequently. The statement that quantity f(x) depending on x "can be made" arbitrarily large, corresponds to ∀y : ∃x : f(x) ≥ y. arbitrary A shorthand for the universal quantifier. An ...
Given any variable x, [x] is a term; Given any terms m and n, is a term; Some examples of terms are f(x), g(a,h(x,y)), (,) []. A variable x is free in a term t if [x] does not appear in t, and a term with no free variables is a closed term. Terms can be typed with pregroup types in the obvious manner.
If an airplane's altitude at time t is a(t), and the air pressure at altitude x is p(x), then (p ∘ a)(t) is the pressure around the plane at time t. Function defined on finite sets which change the order of their elements such as permutations can be composed on the same set, this being composition of permutations.
A function f : X → Y is surjective if and only if it is right-cancellative: [8] given any functions g,h : Y → Z, whenever g o f = h o f, then g = h. This property is formulated in terms of functions and their composition and can be generalized to the more general notion of the morphisms of a category and their composition.