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The IEEE 693: Recommended Practice for Seismic Design of Substations. [ 1 ] is a Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers standard. This standard is recognized also by American National Standards Institute , and is used mainly in the American Continent.
In spite of the fact that the rotational components may significantly affect the seismic behavior of structures, their influence is not currently considered in most modern design codes, [7] which the main reasons of this ignorance may be attributed to: (1) lack of sufficient recorded data on the rotational accelerations; (2) difficulty in ...
Seismic analysis is a subset of structural analysis and is the calculation of the response of a building (or nonbuilding) structure to earthquakes. It is part of the process of structural design, earthquake engineering or structural assessment and retrofit (see structural engineering) in regions where earthquakes are prevalent.
Seismic design requirements depend on the type of the structure, locality of the project and its authorities which stipulate applicable seismic design codes and criteria. [7] For instance, California Department of Transportation 's requirements called The Seismic Design Criteria (SDC) and aimed at the design of new bridges in California [ 37 ...
The NEESwood project [10] investigated the design of low and mid-rise wood-frame construction in seismic regions. The NEES@UCLA mobile field laboratory, consisting of large mobile shakers, field-deployable monitoring instrumentation systems, was utilized to collect forced and ambient vibration data from a four-story reinforced concrete (RC ...
PGA is an important parameter (also known as an intensity measure) for earthquake engineering, The design basis earthquake ground motion (DBEGM) [2] is often defined in terms of PGA. Unlike the Richter and moment magnitude scales, it is not a measure of the total energy (magnitude, or size) of an earthquake, but rather of how much the earth ...
The 1940 seismic code was developed in response to the 1939 Erzincan earthquake which killed 32,000 people. It drew parallels with Italy's seismic codes at the time. A seismic zonation map was also developed in 1942 which assessed the seismic hazard of all Turkish provinces on three levels; "hazardous", "less hazardous" and "no hazard".
Seismic loading is one of the basic concepts of earthquake engineering which means application of an earthquake-generated agitation [1] to a structure. It happens at contact surfaces of a structure either with the ground, [ 2 ] or with adjacent structures, [ 3 ] or with gravity waves from tsunami .