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Decarboxylation. Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO 2).Usually, decarboxylation refers to a reaction of carboxylic acids, removing a carbon atom from a carbon chain.
TPP is the key catalytic cofactor used by enzymes catalyzing non-oxidative and oxidative decarboxylation of α-keto acids. Pyruvate, for example, undergoes both types of decarboxylation, both involving TPP. In fermentative organisms, pyruvate is non-oxidatively decarboxylated by the TPP-dependent enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase.
Decarboxylated and decarbonylated biofuels are renewable hydrocarbon fuels produced by converting biomass, by either decarboxylation or decarbonylation, ...
Carboxylic acids are decarboxylated in the Hunsdiecker reaction. The Dakin–West reaction converts an amino acid to the corresponding amino ketone. In the Barbier–Wieland degradation, a carboxylic acid on an aliphatic chain having a simple methylene bridge at the alpha position can have the chain shortened by one carbon.
The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17, ODC) catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine (a product of the urea cycle) to form putrescine.This reaction is the committed step in polyamine synthesis. [1]
When malate is oxidatively decarboxylated by “NADP +-linked malic enzyme" pyruvate, CO 2 and NADPH are formed. NADPH is also formed by the pentose phosphate pathway which converts glucose into ribose, which can be used in synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids , or it can be catabolized to pyruvate.
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase is active as a homodimer.Before addition of the pyridoxal phosphate cofactor, the apoenzyme exists in an open conformation. Upon cofactor binding, a large structural transformation occurs as the subunits pull closer and close the active site.
The product is then heated in the presence of a radical initiator and a suitable hydrogen donor to afford the decarboxylated product. [1] [2] This is an example of a reductive decarboxylation. Using this reaction it is possible to remove carboxylic acid moieties from alkyl groups and replace them with other functional groups.