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Map showing the major areas of fighting during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988) The border was challenged by Iran in 1934 at the League of Nations , with the validity of both the Treaty of Erzurum and the Constantinople Protocol being called into question. [ 8 ]
The 1974–1975 Shatt al-Arab conflict consisted of armed cross-border clashes between Iran and Iraq.It was a major escalation of the Shatt al-Arab dispute, which had begun in 1936 due to opposing territorial claims by both countries over the Shatt al-Arab, a transboundary river that runs partly along the Iran–Iraq border.
Iraq nevertheless reinstated its claims to Bubiyan and Warbah islands in 1973, massing troops at the border. During the 1980-88 Iran–Iraq War, Iraq pressed for a long-term lease to the islands in order to improve its access to the Persian Gulf and its strategic position. Although Kuwait rebuffed Iraq, relations continued to be strained by ...
The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, [f] was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. Active hostilities began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for nearly eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council Resolution 598 by both sides.
The Iran–Iraq commission formally delineated the two countries' border on 26 December 1975, with the signing of a joint declaration of intents by both sides. [15] The Iranian military withdrew from border areas that it was occupying, the border was closed, and support for the Kurdish rebels ended.
In April 1975, an agreement signed in Baghdad fixed the borders of the countries. Through Algerian mediation, Iran and Iraq agreed in March 1975 to normalize their relations, and three months later they signed a treaty known as the Algiers Accord. The document defined the common border all along the Khawr Abd Allah (Shatt) River estuary as the ...
On March 19, 2023, Iran's Supreme National Security Council secretary Ali Shamkhani and Iraq's National Security Advisor Qasim al-Araji signed a border security agreement to not allow armed groups in the Iraqi Kurdish region to launch border-crossing attacks on Iran. The arrangement was prompted by a missile attack from Iran's Revolutionary ...
In 1990, Ba'athist Iraq invaded Kuwait; the Republic of Kuwait was declared and annexed into Iraq, causing the Gulf War. Kuwaiti and Coalition forces recaptured Qaruh and Umm al-Maradim in one of the first battles of the war, which ended in total Iraqi defeat and withdrawal of Iraq's territorial claim.