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The duration of embryo culture can be varied, conferring different stages of embryogenesis at embryo transfer.The main stages at which embryo transfer is performed are cleavage stage (day 2 to 4 after co-incubation) or the blastocyst stage (day 5 or 6 after co-incubation).
Ovule culture or in vitro embryo culture is a modified technique of embryo rescue whereby embryos are cultured while still inside their ovules to prevent damaging them during the excision process. [8] Ovary or pod culture, on the other hand employs the use of an entire ovary into culture.
Embryo culture until the blastocyst stage confers a significant increase in live birth rate per embryo transfer, but also confers a decreased number of embryos available for transfer and embryo cryopreservation, so the cumulative clinical pregnancy rates are increased with cleavage stage transfer. [40]
Plant embryonic development, also plant embryogenesis, is a process that occurs after the fertilization of an ovule to produce a fully developed plant embryo.This is a pertinent stage in the plant life cycle that is followed by dormancy and germination. [1]
Switchgrass somatic embryos. Somatic embryogenesis is an artificial process in which a plant or embryo is derived from a single somatic cell. [1] Somatic embryos are formed from plant cells that are not normally involved in the development of embryos, i.e. ordinary plant tissue. No endosperm or seed coat is formed around a somatic embryo.
After 4–6 days of this intrauterine culture, the embryos are harvested and grown in in vitro culture until the inner cell mass forms “egg cylinder-like structures,” which are dissociated into single cells, and plated on fibroblasts treated with mitomycin-c (to prevent fibroblast mitosis).
Shell-less chick embryo culture is the process of growing chick embryos in vitro, without their protective egg shells, for scientific observation. [1]Chick embryos and other avian embryos have been used as biological models to visualize the developmental stages of embryos for education and to perform embryological manipulations.
Edwards developed human culture media to allow the fertilisation and early embryo culture, while Steptoe used laparoscopy to recover ovocytes from patients with tubal infertility. Their attempts met significant hostility and opposition, [15] including a refusal of the Medical Research Council to fund their research and several lawsuits.