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Decoupage or découpage (/ ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements.
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, [1] and is the most widely used building material. [2] Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined.
Restored and unrestored slave cabins, made of tabby. Kingsley Plantation, Jacksonville, Florida. Original tabby concrete walls of slave housing at Kingsley Plantation, early nineteenth century Tabby is a type of concrete made by burning oyster shells to create lime, then mixing it with water, sand, ash and broken oyster shells. [1] Tabby was used by early Spanish settlers in present-day ...
Wheatpaste. Wheatpaste (also known as flour and water paste, flour paste, or simply paste) is a gel or liquid adhesive made from wheat flour or starch and water. It has been used since antiquity for various arts and crafts such as bookbinding, [1] découpage, collage, papier-mâché, and adhering paper posters and notices to walls.
Slurry wall. A slurry wall is a civil engineering technique used to build reinforced concrete walls in areas of soft earth close to open water, or with a high groundwater table. [1] This technique is typically used to build diaphragm (water-blocking) walls surrounding tunnels and open cuts, and to lay foundations.
Opus reticulatum. Opus reticulatum (also known as reticulate work) is a facing used for concrete walls in Roman architecture from about the first century BCE to the early first century CE. [1]: 136–9 [notes 1] They were built using small pyramid shaped tuff, a volcanic stone embedded into a concrete core. [2]: 75–6 [3] Reticulate work was ...
Hempcrete is a construction building material that uses hemp shives, aggregate, water, and a type of binder to act as non-bearing walls, insulators, finishing plasters, and blocks. The material has low mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity, making it ideal for insulation material.
The history of construction traces the changes in building tools, methods, techniques and systems used in the field of construction. It explains the evolution of how humans created shelter and other structures that comprises the entire built environment.