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2. English passive voice - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice

   In English, the passive voice is marked by a subject that is followed by a stative verb complemented by a past participle. For example: The enemy was defeated. Caesar was stabbed. The recipient of a sentence's action is referred to as the patient. In sentences using the active voice, the subject is the performer of the action—referred to as ...

3. Stative verb - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stative_verb

   According to some linguistics theories, a stative verb is a verb that describes a state of being, in contrast to a dynamic verb, which describes an action.The difference can be categorized by saying that stative verbs describe situations that are static, or unchanging throughout their entire duration, whereas dynamic verbs describe processes that entail change over time. [1]

4. Uses of English verb forms - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uses_of_English_verb_forms

   Here a form of the verb have (denoting the perfect) is used together with been (the past participle of be, denoting the progressive) and the present participle of the main verb. In the case of the stative verbs, which do not use progressive aspect (see the section above about the progressive), the plain perfect form is normally used in place of ...

5. Active–stative alignment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active–stative_alignment

   In linguistic typology, active–stative alignment (also split intransitive alignment or semantic alignment) is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the sole argument ("subject") of an intransitive clause (often symbolized as S) is sometimes marked in the same way as an agent of a transitive verb (that is, like a subject such as "I" or "she" in English) but other times in the same way ...

6. Voice (grammar) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(grammar)

   Italian uses two verbs (essere and venire) to translate the static and the dynamic passive: Dynamic passive auxiliary verb: essere and venire (to be and to come) La porta è aperta. or La porta viene aperta. "The door is opened [by someone]" or "The door comes open [by someone]". La porta è chiusa. or La porta viene chiusa.

7. Passive voice - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_voice

   But when the auxiliary verb "be" is used, the main verb can have either a dynamic or static meaning as shown below (including copies of some examples from above): The dog gets fed twice a day. (dynamic) The dog is fed (twice a day). (dynamic) The dog is fed (so we can leave now). (stative) The couple got married last spring. (dynamic)

8. Patient (grammar) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_(grammar)

   Typically, the situation is denoted by a sentence, the action by a verb in the sentence, and the patient by a noun phrase. For example, in the sentence "Jack ate the cheese", the cheese is the patient. In certain languages, the patient is declined for case or otherwise marked to indicate its grammatical role.

9. English verbs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_verbs

   Verbs ending in a consonant plus o also typically add -es: veto → vetoes. Verbs ending in a consonant plus y add -es after changing the y to an i: cry → cries. In terms of pronunciation, the ending is pronounced as / ɪ z / after sibilants (as in lurches), as / s / after voiceless consonants other than sibilants (as in makes), and as / z ...