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Many babies with chromosome problems do not show any signs on ultrasound. Other factors are discussed in counseling include: Mother's age at the expected date of delivery; The results of the Expanded AFP blood triple test; Evidence of other "fetal findings" seen on the ultrasound that suggest a chromosome problem.
Today, a dedicated fetal echocardiogram can detect nearly 100% of serious congenital heart disease. Yet most pregnant women do not have a fetal echocardiogram but rather undergo a general obstetric ultrasound that may detect only around a third of fetal heart disease. To improve detection, some propose universal fetal echocardiography. [2]
Abbreviations: LV and RV=left and right ventricle, PT=pulmonary trunk, VSD=ventricular septal defect, PS=pulmonary stenosis. Echocardiogram in transposition of the great arteries. This subcostal view shows the left ventricle giving rise to a vessel that bifurcates, which is thus identified as the pulmonary artery.
Many congenital heart defects can be diagnosed prenatally by fetal echocardiography. This is a test which can be done during the second trimester of pregnancy, when the woman is about 18–24 weeks pregnant. [43] [44] It can be an abdominal ultrasound or transvaginal ultrasound. [citation needed]
Enlargement of right ventricular myocardial mass can result in right axis deviation. There are 2 main reasons for this mechanism. [ 15 ] Firstly, more muscle mass will result in greater amplitude of depolarisation of that side of the heart. [ 15 ]
Thus, the ratio E/e' is related to the atrial pressure, and can show increased filling pressure [15] [16] although with several reservations. [17] [18] In the right ventricle this is not an important principle, as the right atrial pressure is the same as central venous pressure which can easily be assessed from venous congestion. [19] [20]
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Cardiac ventriculography is a medical imaging test used to determine a person's heart function in the right, or left ventricle. [1] Cardiac ventriculography involves injecting contrast media into the heart's ventricle(s) to measure the volume of blood pumped.
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