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In a hydrocarbon molecule with all carbon atoms making up the backbone in a tetrahedral molecular geometry, the zigzag backbone is in the paper plane (chemical bonds depicted as solid line segments) with the substituents either sticking out of the paper toward the viewer (chemical bonds depicted as solid wedges) or away from the viewer ...
This projection most commonly sights down a carbon-carbon bond, making it a very useful way to visualize the stereochemistry of alkanes. A Newman projection visualizes the conformation of a chemical bond from front to back, with the front atom represented by the intersection of three lines (a dot) and the back atom as a circle.
Example of the use of descriptive geometry to find the shortest connector between two skew lines. The red, yellow and green highlights show distances which are the same for projections of point P. Given the X, Y and Z coordinates of P, R, S and U, projections 1 and 2 are drawn to scale on the X-Y and X-Z planes, respectively.
Bounded elastic wedge for equilibrium of forces and moments. To get around this problem, we consider a bounded region of the wedge and consider equilibrium of the bounded wedge. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Let the bounded wedge have two traction free surfaces and a third surface in the form of an arc of a circle with radius a {\displaystyle a\,} .
Figure 5 shows 2-chloro-2,3-dimethylbutane in a sawhorse projection with chlorine and a hydrogen anti-periplanar to each other. Syn-periplanar or synperiplanar is similar to anti-periplanar. In the syn-periplanar conformer, the A and D are on the same side of the plane of the bond, with the dihedral angle of A−B and C−D between +30° and ...
The projection of C onto the x-axis is a ramified cover with ramification locus given by x ( x − 1 ) ( x − 2 ) = 0. {\displaystyle x(x-1)(x-2)=0.} This is because for these three values of x the fiber is the double point y 2 = 0 , {\displaystyle y^{2}=0,} while for any other value of x , the fiber consists of two distinct points (over an ...
In mathematics, the exterior algebra or Grassmann algebra of a vector space is an associative algebra that contains , which has a product, called exterior product or wedge product and denoted with , such that = for every vector in .
To give an example, let X = P 1 × A 1 and p: X → A 1 the projection. Here X is an algebraic variety since it is a product of varieties. It is not affine since P 1 is a closed subvariety of X (as the zero locus of p ), but an affine variety cannot contain a projective variety of positive dimension as a closed subvariety.