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String gauge refers to the thickness and diameter of a guitar string, which influences the overall sound and pitch of the guitar depending on the guitar string used. [17] Some alternative tunings are difficult or even impossible to achieve with conventional guitars due to the sets of guitar strings, which have gauges optimized for standard tuning.
New standard tuning (NST) is an alternative tuning for the guitar that approximates all-fifths tuning.The guitar's strings are assigned the notes C2-G2-D3-A3-E4-G4 (from lowest to highest); the five lowest open strings are each tuned to an interval of a perfect fifth {(C,G),(G,D),(D,A),(A,E)}; the two highest strings are a minor third apart (E,G).
The predecessor of today's six-string classical guitar was the five-string baroque guitar tuned as the five high strings of a six-string guitar with the A raised one octave. High C – E-A-d-g-c' Standard tuning with the B tuned a half step higher to C to emulate a six-string bass guitar, minus the low B. This is an all fourths tuning.
Alternative tunings necessarily change the chord shapes associated with standard tuning, which eases the playing of some, often "non-standard", chords at the cost of increasing the difficulty of some traditionally-voiced chords. As with other scordatura tuning, regular tunings may require re-stringing the guitar with different string gauges.
By repeating open-string notes and by having uniform intervals between strings, major-thirds tuning simplifies learning by beginners. These features also facilitate advanced guitarists' improvisation , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] precisely the aim of jazz guitarist Ralph Patt when he began popularizing major-thirds tuning between 1963 and 1964.
All strings are numbered, so for example the string closest to the player of a twelve-string guitar is always string twelve, and never "string six secondary" or similar constructions. In the context of instruments that possess at least one multi-string course , a single string normally played on its own may also be called a course .