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The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) is a standards setting body which publishes specifications, test protocols, and guidelines that are used in highway design and construction throughout the United States. Despite its name, the association represents not only highways but air, rail, water, and public ...
Because of this, some planners recommend increasing population density in towns, narrowing streets, managing car use in some areas, providing sidewalks and safe pedestrian and bicycle facilities, and making the scenery interesting for pedestrians. An LOS standard has been developed by John J. Fruin for pedestrian facilities. [4]
in California new bikeway design standards were last adopted in 1976. Those designs were adapted by the Association of American State Highway and Transportation Officials to become the AASHTO Guide for Bicycle Facilities, which is followed in the USA.
Through urban areas, at least one routing is to have 16-foot (4.9 m) clearances, but others may have a lesser clearance of 14 feet (4.3 m). Sign supports and pedestrian overpasses must be at least 17 feet (5.2 m) above the road, except on urban routes with lesser clearance, where they should be at least 1 foot (30 cm) higher than other objects.
About 40-60% of pedestrian and cyclist injuries occur at intersections. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Daylighting reduces collisions by removing obstructions that prevent drivers from seeing other cars, pedestrians, bicyclists, and other road users.
Baana, a 1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) long pedestrian and cycling path in the center of Helsinki, Finland An unprotected bike lane in Campbell, California being blocked by a delivery van A bicycle boulevard or cycle street is a low speed street which has been optimized for bicycle traffic.
In some jurisdictions, the rules of the road apply differently for a cyclist when the roadway has a WOL or a NOL. For example, in the state of California all cyclists are legally required to ride "as close as practicable to the right-hand" side of the roadway when the lane is wide enough "for a bicycle and a vehicle to travel safely side by side within the lane."
The primary US guidance is found in A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). [2] Other standards include the Australian Guide to Road Design Archived 2011-11-09 at the Wayback Machine, and the British Design Manual for Roads.