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A transient ischemic attack (TIA), commonly known as a mini-stroke, is a temporary (transient) stroke with noticeable symptoms that end within 24 hours. A TIA causes the same symptoms associated with a stroke, such as weakness or numbness on one side of the body, sudden dimming or loss of vision, difficulty speaking or understanding language or slurred speech.
TIAs by definition last less than 24 hours and frequently take the form of weakness or loss of sensation of a limb or the trunk on one side of the body or the loss of sight (amaurosis fugax) in one eye. Less common symptoms are artery sounds , or ringing in the ears . [6]
The most common cause of arterial stenosis is atherosclerosis, however other pathologies such as fibromuscular dysplasia, dissection, trauma or external compression may occur. [2] Atherosclerotic plaque can rupture, resulting in a source of emboli. These emboli can cause TIAs or strokes in the areas of the brain supplied by the affected artery.
The most common presentation of cerebrovascular disease is an ischemic stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes a hemorrhagic stroke. [2] Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis . [ 5 ]
Both aspirin and clopidogrel may be useful in the first few weeks after a minor stroke or high-risk TIA. [128] Clopidogrel has less side effects than ticlopidine. [127] Dipyridamole can be added to aspirin therapy to provide a small additional benefit, even though headache is a common side effect. [129]
TIA Transient ischemic attack: TMH Trainable mentally handicapped: TMJ/TMD Temporomandibular joint disorder: TMR Trainable mentally retarded: TN Trigeminal Neuralgia: TOS Thoracic outlet syndrome: TS Tourette syndrome: TS Tuberous sclerosis: TSC Tuberous sclerosis: TSEs Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: TSP Tropical spastic paraparesis ...
Atherosclerotic carotid artery: Amaurosis fugax may present as a type of transient ischemic attack (TIA), during which an embolus unilaterally obstructs the lumen of the retinal artery or ophthalmic artery, causing a decrease in blood flow to the ipsilateral retina. The most common source of these athero-emboli is an atherosclerotic carotid ...
This classification is based on the current scientific consensus and reflects the level of evidence supporting the autoimmune nature of the disorder. Lastly, the prevalence rate, specifically in the United States, is included to give a sense of how common each disorder is within the population.