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Visual or vision impairment (VI or VIP) is the partial or total inability of visual perception.In the absence of treatment such as corrective eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment, visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks, including reading and walking. [6]
A reading machine is a piece of assistive technology that allows blind people to access printed materials. It scans text, converts the image into text by means of optical character recognition and uses a speech synthesizer to read out what it has found.
Screen readers are essential to people who are blind, [2] and are useful to people who are visually impaired, [2] illiterate, or have a learning disability. [3] Screen readers are software applications that attempt to convey what people with normal eyesight see on a display to their users via non-visual means, like text-to-speech , [ 4 ] sound ...
People with RM have a reduced visual acuity, (usually about 0.1 or 20/200), have total color blindness, photo-aversion and nystagmus. The nystagmus and photo-aversion usually are present during the first months of life, and the prevalence of the disease is estimated to be 1 in 30,000 worldwide. [ 3 ]
The LMS color space can be used to emulate the way color-blind people see color. An early emulation of dichromats were produced by Brettel et al. 1997 and was rated favorably by actual patients. An example of a state-of-the-art method is Machado et al. 2009. [20]
NaviLens is a color box code intended to help blind and visually impaired people find their way around railway and subway stations, museums, libraries, and other public spaces. [ 1 ] The color box code, a tag reminiscent of a simplified QR code, is read by an app on the smartphone, and then provides the necessary information about the tag ...
However, as of 2021 such theories do not have empirical support. [3] The lack of visual sensory feedback in blind people is known to affect the calibration process for body movement. [ 7 ] It is also suspected that reinforcement of behavior plays a role in the development of RRBs. [ 1 ]
The Optacon (OPtical to TActile CONverter) [1] is an electromechanical device that enables blind people to read printed material that has not been transcribed into Braille.The device consists of two parts: a scanner which the user runs over the material to be read, and a finger pad which translates the words into vibrations felt on the finger tips.