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Children with persistent gender dysphoria are characterized by more extreme gender dysphoria in childhood than children with desisting gender dysphoria. [1] Some (but not all) gender variant youth will want or need to transition, which may involve social transition (changing dress, name, pronoun), and, for older youth and adolescents, medical transition (hormone therapy or surgery).
The causes of gender incongruence have been studied for decades. Transgender brain studies, especially those on trans women attracted to women ( gynephilic ), and those on trans men attracted to men ( androphilic ), are limited, as they include only a small number of tested individuals. [ 2 ]
Children do not necessarily have to express a desire to be the opposite sex, but it is still taken into consideration when making a diagnosis. [26] Since the DSM-5 was released in 2013, children must express a desire to be of a gender different to that assigned at birth for a diagnosis of gender dysphoria in childhood. [27]
Researchers say that while GPs rarely deal with gender dysphoria among children, cases have increased since 2010 Gender dysphoria diagnoses in children up fiftyfold in a decade - but numbers ...
The specific causes of gender dysphoria remain unknown, and treatments targeting the etiology or pathogenesis of gender dysphoria do not exist. [32] Evidence from studies of twins suggests that genetic factors play a role in the development of gender dysphoria.
[1]: 25 Prenatal factors that affect or interfere with the interaction of these hormones on the developing brain can influence later sex-typed behavior in children. [ 1 ] : 24 This hypothesis is originated from experimental studies in non-human mammals, yet the argument that similar effects can be seen in human neurobehavioral development is a ...
Another consideration is the potential impact on psychological well-being. While many individuals experience relief from gender dysphoria, the delay in physical development might also cause anxiety or social difficulties in some cases, particularly in environments where peers are progressing through puberty.
The scientific study of the causes of developmental disorders involves many theories. Some of the major differences between these theories involves whether environment disrupts normal development, if abnormalities are pre-determined, or if they are products of human evolutionary history which become disorders in modern environments (see evolutionary psychiatry). [5]