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The best position for CPR maneuvers in the sequence of first aid reactions to a cardiac arrest is a question that has been long studied. [17] [18] As a general reference, the recommended order (according to the guidelines of many related associations as AHA and Red Cross) is:
The universal first aid symbol A US Navy corpsman gives first aid to an injured Iraqi citizen.. Medical portal; First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with a medical emergency, [1] with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive.
Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is a part of most protocols for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) [6] [7] making it an essential skill for first aid. In some situations, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is also performed separately, for instance in near-drowning and opiate overdoses.
For this reason, lay rescuers proceed directly to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, starting with chest compressions, which is effectively artificial circulation. In order to simplify the teaching of this to some groups, especially at a basic first aid level, the C for Circulation is changed for meaning CPR or Compressions. [17] [18] [19]
The first three links in the chain can be performed by lay bystanders, while the second three links are designated to medical professionals. [4] Currently, between 70 and 90% of cardiac arrest patients die before they reach the hospital. [4] However, a cardiac arrest does not have to be lethal if bystanders can take the right steps immediately. [4]
[11] The chain of survival includes early recognition of an ongoing emergency, early initiation of CPR by a bystander, early use of a defibrillator, and early advanced life support once more qualified medical help arrives. Qualified bystanders with training in BLS are encouraged to perform the first three steps of the five-link chain of survival.
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