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Prolactin (PRL), also known as lactotropin and mammotropin, is a protein best known for its role in enabling mammals to produce milk. It is influential in over 300 separate processes in various vertebrates, including humans. [5] Prolactin is secreted from the pituitary gland in response to eating, mating, estrogen treatment, ovulation and ...
Hypoprolactinemia can result from autoimmune disease, [2] hypopituitarism, [1] growth hormone deficiency, [2] hypothyroidism, [2] excessive dopamine action in the tuberoinfundibular pathway and/or the anterior pituitary, and ingestion of drugs that activate the D 2 receptor, such as direct D 2 receptor agonists like bromocriptine and pergolide, and indirect D 2 receptor activators like ...
In men, it can lead to hypogonadism, infertility and erectile dysfunction. Prolactin is crucial for milk production during pregnancy and lactation. Together with estrogen, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and hormones from the placenta, prolactin stimulates the proliferation of breast alveolar elements during pregnancy.
Increased serum prolactin (PRL) [5] concentration in patients' brains from psychiatric medicine can also affect sexuality. [6] Psychiatric medicine is known to cause the brain to form more dopamine receptors for the dopamine blocking effect.
A prolactin cell (also known as a lactotropic cell, epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell in the anterior pituitary which produces prolactin (a peptide hormone) in response to hormonal signals including dopamine (which is inhibitory), thyrotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen (especially during pregnancy), which are stimulatory.
Prolactin-releasing hormone: PRLH Peptide: hypothalamus: Release prolactin from anterior pituitary: 55 Relaxin: RLN Peptide: Corpus luteum, Uterus, placenta, and Mammary gland: Decidual cells: RLN receptor: Relaxation of muscle and ligament tissues in female humans as preparation for menstruation. Anticipatory release for ductus deferens in ...
Overproduction of prolactin leads to cessation of menstrual periods and infertility, which may be a diagnostic clue. Galactorrhea may also be caused by hormonal imbalances owing to birth control pills. Galactorrhea is also a side effect associated with the use of the second-generation H 2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (Tagamet). Galactorrhea ...
This leads to misdiagnosis of hyperprolactinaemia in many people, especially those with other symptoms, such as infertility [4] or menstrual problems. [5] "Macroprolactin" is most commonly a complex of prolactin and IgG (typically IgG4), displaying a molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa (which is hence 6–7 fold higher that the native ...