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Endomicroscopy is a technique for obtaining histology-like images from inside the human body in real-time, [1] [2] [3] a process known as ‘optical biopsy’. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It generally refers to fluorescence confocal microscopy , although multi-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography have also been adapted for endoscopic use.
(The mixed basis sets are realised by introducing "ghost orbitals", basis set functions which have no electrons or protons. [2] It however has been shown that there is an inherent danger in using counterpoise corrected energy surfaces, due to the inconsistent effect of the correction in different areas of the energy surface. [3])
[2] [3] The volume of total solids (primarily protein and lipid) in a plasma sample is approximately 7%, so that only 93% is water. The main electrolytes are confined to water phase. So for example in 10 μL plasma sample, only 9.3 μL is water that contains the electrolyte.
Vacancies occur naturally in all crystalline materials. At any given temperature, up to the melting point of the material, there is an equilibrium concentration (ratio of vacant lattice sites to those containing atoms). [2] At the melting point of some metals the ratio can be approximately 1:1000. [3] This temperature dependence can be modelled by
Confocal endoscopy, or confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), is a modern imaging technique that allows the examination of real-time microscopic and histological features inside the body. In the word "endomicroscopy", endo- means "within" and -skopein means "to view or observe".
In computational chemistry, spin contamination is the artificial mixing of different electronic spin-states.This can occur when an approximate orbital-based wave function is represented in an unrestricted form – that is, when the spatial parts of α and β spin-orbitals are permitted to differ.
Pd[PdF 6] is paramagnetic, and both Pd(II) and Pd(IV) occupy octahedral sites in the crystal structure. [2] [3] The Pd II-F distance is 2.17 Å, whereas the Pd IV-F distance is 1.90 Å. [4] Coordination environments of Pd II and Pd IV, showing different distances to F atoms
This is a list of unsolved problems in chemistry. Problems in chemistry are considered unsolved when an expert in the field considers it unsolved or when several experts in the field disagree about a solution to a problem.