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The best-known German idealist thinkers, after Kant, are J. G. Fichte, F. W. J. Schelling, and G. W. F. Hegel. Critics of Kant's project such as F. H. Jacobi, Gottlob Ernst Schulze, and Salomon Maimon influenced the direction the movement would take in the philosophies of his would-be successors.
Hegel's second criticism was that Kant's ethics forces humans into an internal conflict between reason and desire. Because it does not address the tension between self-interest and morality, Kant's ethics cannot give individuals any reason to be moral.
Continental philosophy is an umbrella term for philosophies most prominent in continental Europe, [1] [page needed] which the contemporary political thinker Michael E. Rosen has identified with certain common themes, [2] deriving from a broadly Kantian tradition and focused on personal philosophical reflection rather than exclusively empirical inquiry.
1801 Hegel, The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy; 1804 Death of Kant; 1807 Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit (see: Absolute idealism) 1808 Goethe, Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy; 1809 Schelling, Philosophical Inquiries into the Essence of Human Freedom; 1810 Goethe, Theory of Colours
Marx would not accept that the state was the seat of universality and rationality, i.e. that it was inherently rational; and made it his goal to prove that the difference between civil society, which Hegel held to be the sphere where individual interest is pursued in conflict with the interests of others and the state, where such conflicts are ...
Praxis is the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted, embodied, realized, applied, or put into practice."Praxis" may also refer to the act of engaging, applying, exercising, realizing, or practising ideas.
Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile, who developed actual idealism. It contrasted the transcendental idealism of Kant and the absolute idealism of Hegel. Actual idealism is a form of idealism, developed by Giovanni Gentile, that was influenced by the absolute idealism of G. W. F. Hegel.
Between Kant and Hegel: Texts in the Development of Post-Kantian Idealism, 1985; On the nature of philosophical critique (1802), partly translated in M.N. Forster, Hegel's Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit, 1998, pp. 605–607; Aphorisms from the wastebook (1803–1806), Independent Journal of Philosophy 3, 1979; Who thinks abstractly?