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A map showing the progress of the Borneo campaign. The plans for the Allied attacks were known collectively as Operation Oboe. [13] The invasion of Borneo was the second stage of Operation Montclair, [1] which was aimed at destroying Imperial Japanese forces in, and re-occupying the NEI, Raj of Sarawak, Brunei, the colonies of Labuan and British North Borneo, and the southern Philippines. [14]
During World War II, Seria was one of the first places in Borneo invasion by the Imperial Japanese Army. [3] The Japanese Kawaguchi Detachment came ashore on 16 December 1941, nine days after the Attack on Pearl Harbor. [4] Upon the invasion, the oil field was destroyed by the British forces to prevent being captured by the Japanese. [5] [6]
Before the outbreak of World War II in the Pacific, the island of Borneo was divided into five territories. Four of the territories were in the north and under British control – Sarawak, Brunei, Labuan, an island, and British North Borneo; while the remainder, and bulk, of the island, was under the jurisdiction of the Dutch East Indies.
A map of Tarakan showing locations relevant to the fighting in 1945. Tarakan is a triangle-shaped island 2.5 miles (4.0 km) off the coast of Borneo.The island is roughly 15 miles (24 km) long from its northernmost point to the southern tip and 11 miles (18 km) wide towards the north of the island.
The Borneo campaign between May and July 1945 was ordered by MacArthur to liberate British Borneo and Dutch Borneo. The Japanese occupation officially ended with the Japanese surrender in the Pacific, and two days later Sukarno declared Indonesian Independence; Indonesian forces spent the next four years fighting the Dutch for independence.
The Sandakan Death Marches were a series of forced marches in Borneo from Sandakan to Ranau which resulted in the deaths of 2,434 Allied prisoners of war held captive by the Empire of Japan during the Pacific campaign of World War II at the Sandakan POW Camp, North Borneo. [1]
Japanese Army in World War II: Conquest of the Pacific 1941-42. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84176-789-5. Rottman, Gordon L. (2002). World War II Pacific Island Guide. A Geo-Military Study. Westport: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-31395-4. Shindo, Hiroyuki (2016). "Holding on to the Finish: The Japanese Army in the South and South West Pacific 1944 ...
A map of the occupation of Borneo in 1943 prepared by the Japanese during World War II, with label written in Japanese characters. Large crowd of Sarawak native population throngs the street of Kuching to witness the arrival of Australian Imperial Force (AIF) on 12 September 1945.