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Variations in the strength of the North African Monsoon have been found to be strongly related to the stronger 23,000-year processional cycle. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The relationship between the precession cycle and the strength of the North African Monsoon exists because procession affects the amount of insolation received in a given hemisphere.
Cierzo (cool north/northwesterly wind on Ebro Valley in Spain) Crivăț (strong, very cold north-easterly wind in Moldavia, Dobruja, and the Bărăgan Plain parts of Romania.) Etesian (Greek name) or Meltem (Turkish name) (northerly across Greece and Turkey) Euro (a warm and usually moderate wind from Africa that reaches the Ionian coast of Italy)
A monsoon (/ m ɒ n ˈ s uː n /) is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation [1] but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between its limits to the north and south of the equator.
In doing so, they leave East Africa unusually dry for its latitude. [19] Low-level southwesterlies emanating from the Gulf of Guinea are the key moisture source for the West African monsoon in northern hemisphere summer. [20] The Tropical Easterly Jet, which forms high up in the atmosphere, 15–17 km above the surface, is another important factor.
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The African humid period was caused by a stronger West African Monsoon [125] directed by changes in solar irradiance and in albedo feedbacks. [17] These led to increased moisture import from both the equatorial Atlantic into West Africa, as well as from the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea towards the Mediterranean coasts of Africa. [126]
The African easterly jet is a region of the lower troposphere over West Africa where the seasonal mean wind speed is at a maximum and the wind is easterly. The temperature contrast between the Sahara Desert and the Gulf of Guinea causes the jet to form to the north of the monsoon trough. The jet's maximum wind speeds are at a height of 3 ...
Khamsin, [1] chamsin or hamsin (Arabic: خمسين ḫamsīn, meaning "fifty"), more commonly known in Egypt and Israel as khamaseen (Egyptian Arabic: خماسين ḫamāsīn, IPA: [xɑmæˈsiːn] ⓘ), is a dry, hot, sandy local wind affecting Egypt and the Levant; similar winds, blowing in other parts of North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula [citation needed] and the entire Mediterranean ...