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Knee replacement surgery can be performed as a partial or a total knee replacement. [3] In general, the surgery consists of replacing the diseased or damaged joint surfaces of the knee with metal and plastic components shaped to allow continued motion of the knee.
The partial replacement does not disrupt the knee cap, which makes for a shorter rehabilitation period. A partial replacement also causes minimal blood loss during the procedure, and results in considerably less post-operative pain. The hospitalization time compared with a total knee replacement is also greatly reduced. [1] [3] [5]
Insall Burstein prosthesis : for total knee replacement [22] Richard N.W. Wohns interspinous implant and implantation instrument intended to be implanted between two adjacent dorsal spines [23] Kirschner wire for fixation of small bones [24] Kuntscher nail for fracture of the shaft of the femur [25] Luque rod: for fixation of the spine [26]
As well as the standard total knee replacement surgery, the unicompartmental knee replacement, in which only one weight-bearing surface of an arthritic knee is replaced, may be performed, [25] but it bears a significant risk of revision surgery. [26] Joint replacements are used for other joints, most commonly the hip [27] or shoulder. [28]
Joint replacement surgery is often indicated from various joint diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. [citation needed] Joint replacement has become more common, mostly with knee and hip replacements. About 773,000 Americans had a hip or knee replaced in 2009. [1]
Rheumatoid knee commonly presents as valgus knee. Osteoarthritis knee may also sometimes present with valgus deformity though varus deformity is common. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to correct valgus deformity is surgically difficult and requires specialized implants called constrained condylar knees.
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