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A toxicologist working in a lab (United States, 2008)Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms [1] and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.
Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.
In the introductory chapter of Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, Doull wrote "toxicology, like medicine, is both a science and an art." He goes on to say that "the science of toxicology is defined as the observational and data-gathering phase, whereas the art of toxicology is the predictive phase of the discipline. [3]
Pages for logged out editors learn more. Contributions; Talk; History of toxicology
Medical toxicology is a subspecialty of medicine focusing on toxicology and providing the diagnosis, management, and prevention of poisoning and other adverse effects due to medications, occupational and environmental toxicants, and biological agents. [1]
Alexander Oscar Gettler (August 13, 1883 – August 4, 1968) [1] [2] was a toxicologist with the Office of Chief Medical Examiner of the City of New York (OCME) between 1918 and 1959, and the first forensic chemist to be employed in this capacity by a U.S. city. [3] [4] [5] His work at OCME with Charles Norris, the chief medical examiner, created the foundation for modern medicolegal ...
A drug test (also often toxicology screen or tox screen) is a technical analysis of a biological specimen, for example urine, hair, blood, breath, sweat, or oral fluid/saliva—to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites.
Forensic toxicology is a multidisciplinary field that combines the principles of toxicology with expertise in disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. [1]