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The pocket algorithm with ratchet (Gallant, 1990) solves the stability problem of perceptron learning by keeping the best solution seen so far "in its pocket". The pocket algorithm then returns the solution in the pocket, rather than the last solution.
Trachtenberg defined this algorithm with a kind of pairwise multiplication where two digits are multiplied by one digit, essentially only keeping the middle digit of the result. By performing the above algorithm with this pairwise multiplication, even fewer temporary results need to be held. Example:
The first "ratchet" is applied to the symmetric root key, the second ratchet to the asymmetric Diffie Hellman (DH) key. [1] In cryptography, the Double Ratchet Algorithm (previously referred to as the Axolotl Ratchet [2] [3]) is a key management algorithm that was developed by Trevor Perrin and Moxie Marlinspike in 2013.
[48] [2] Matrix is an open communications protocol that includes Olm, a library that provides optional end-to-end encryption on a room-by-room basis via a Double Ratchet Algorithm implementation. [2] The developers of Wire have said that their app uses a custom implementation of the Double Ratchet Algorithm. [49] [50] [51]
Perhaps the most influential example of such a calculation was carried out over a period of a few hours by Arnold Wilkins after being asked to consider a problem by Robert Watson Watt. Watt had learned that the Germans claimed to have invented a radio-based death ray, but Wilkins' one-page calculations demonstrated that such a thing was almost ...
It is concerned with designing and analysing algorithms and data structures to compute information about groups. The subject has attracted interest because for many interesting groups (including most of the sporadic groups) it is impractical to perform calculations by hand. Important algorithms in computational group theory include:
For example, one game of A followed by one game of B (ABABAB...) is a losing game, while one game of A followed by two games of B (ABBABB...) is a winning game. This coin-tossing example has become the canonical illustration of Parrondo's paradox – two games, both losing when played individually, become a winning game when played in a ...
An essential feature is the exploitation in some part of the algorithms of features derived from the mathematical model of the problems of interest, thus the definition "model-based heuristics" appearing in the title of some events of the conference series dedicated to matheuristics matheuristics web page.