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  2. Epicycloid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicycloid

    The red curve is an epicycloid traced as the small circle (radius r = 1) rolls around the outside of the large circle (radius R = 3).. In geometry, an epicycloid (also called hypercycloid) [1] is a plane curve produced by tracing the path of a chosen point on the circumference of a circle—called an epicycle—which rolls without slipping around a fixed circle.

  3. Radiation pattern - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_pattern

    The second antenna is a reference antenna, which points rigidly at the first antenna. Each antenna is alternately connected to a transmitter having a particular source impedance, and a receiver having the same input impedance (the impedance may differ between the two antennas).

  4. Biconical antenna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biconical_antenna

    The biconical antenna has a broad bandwidth because it is an example of a traveling wave structure; the analysis for a theoretical infinite antenna resembles that of a transmission line. For an infinite antenna, the characteristic impedance at the point of connection is a function of the cone angle only and is independent of the frequency.

  5. Omnidirectional antenna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnidirectional_antenna

    Animation of an omnidirectional half-wave dipole antenna transmitting radio waves. The antenna in the center is two vertical metal rods, with an alternating current applied at its center from a radio transmitter (not shown). Loops of electric field (black lines) leave the antenna and travel away at the speed of light; these are the radio waves ...

  6. Dipole antenna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole_antenna

    The G5RV antenna is a dipole antenna fed indirectly, through a carefully chosen length of 300 Ω or 450 Ω twin lead, which acts as an impedance matching network to connect (through a balun) to a standard 50 Ω coaxial transmission line. The sloper antenna is a slanted vertical dipole antenna attached to the top of a single tower. The element ...

  7. Fractal antenna - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractal_antenna

    A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, self-similar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume.

  8. Cardioid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardioid

    It can also be defined as an epicycloid having a single cusp. It is also a type of sinusoidal spiral, and an inverse curve of the parabola with the focus as the center of inversion. [1] A cardioid can also be defined as the set of points of reflections of a fixed point on a circle through all tangents to the circle. [2]

  9. Pencil (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil_(optics)

    A pencil-beam radar A moving or sweeping pencil-beam radar. In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays, also known as a pencil beam or narrow beam, is a geometric construct (pencil of half-lines) used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a cone or cylinder.