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  2. Spin (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)

    Spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, and thus by composite particles such as hadrons, atomic nuclei, and atoms. [1] [2]: 183–184 Spin is quantized, and accurate models for the interaction with spin require relativistic quantum mechanics or quantum field theory.

  3. Spin quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_quantum_number

    The atom would then be pulled toward or away from the stronger magnetic field a specific amount, depending on the value of the valence electron's spin. When the spin of the electron is ⁠+ + 1 / 2 ⁠ the atom moves away from the stronger field, and when the spin is ⁠− + 1 / 2 ⁠ the atom moves toward it. Thus the beam of silver atoms is ...

  4. List of particles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_particles

    Fermions have half-integer spin; for all known elementary fermions this is ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠. All known fermions except neutrinos, are also Dirac fermions; that is, each known fermion has its own distinct antiparticle. It is not known whether the neutrino is a Dirac fermion or a Majorana fermion. [4] Fermions are the basic building blocks of all ...

  5. Quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_number

    An electron state has spin number s = ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠, consequently m s will be + ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ ("spin up") or - ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ "spin down" states. Since electron are fermions they obey the Pauli exclusion principle: each electron state must have different quantum numbers. Therefore, every orbital will be occupied with at most two electrons, one ...

  6. Electron magnetic moment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_magnetic_moment

    In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μ e) is −9.284 764 6917 (29) × 10 −24 J⋅T −1. [1]

  7. List of quasiparticles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_quasiparticles

    A quasiparticle produced as a result of electron spin–charge separation that can form both quantum spin liquid and strongly correlated quantum spin liquid: TI-polaron: Translational invariant polaron polaron Trion: A coherent excitation of three quasiparticles (two holes and one electron or two electrons and one hole) electron, hole Triplon

  8. Linnett double-quartet theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnett_Double-Quartet_Theory

    By taking cognisance of both the charge and the spin of the electrons, the theory can describe bonding situations beyond those invoking electron pairs, for example two-centre one-electron bonds. This approach thus facilitates the generation of molecular structures which accurately reflect the physical properties of the corresponding molecules ...

  9. Magnetic quantum number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_quantum_number

    For an electron, s is 1 ⁄ 2, and m s is either + 1 ⁄ 2 or − 1 ⁄ 2, often called "spin-up" and "spin-down", or α and β. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The term magnetic in the name refers to the magnetic dipole moment associated with each type of angular momentum, so states having different magnetic quantum numbers shift in energy in a magnetic field ...