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Variations in the strength of the North African Monsoon have been found to be strongly related to the stronger 23,000-year processional cycle. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] The relationship between the precession cycle and the strength of the North African Monsoon exists because procession affects the amount of insolation received in a given hemisphere.
Buran (a wind which blows across eastern Asia. It is also known as Purga when over the tundra); Karakaze (strong cold mountain wind from Gunma Prefecture in Japan); East Asian Monsoon, known in China and Taiwan as meiyu (梅雨), in Korea as jangma (), and in Japan as tsuyu (梅雨) when advancing northwards in the spring and shurin (秋霖) when retreating southwards in autumn.
A monsoon (/ m ɒ n ˈ s uː n /) is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation [1] but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between its limits to the north and south of the equator.
The African humid period was caused by a stronger West African Monsoon [125] directed by changes in solar irradiance and in albedo feedbacks. [17] These led to increased moisture import from both the equatorial Atlantic into West Africa, as well as from the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea towards the Mediterranean coasts of Africa. [126]
The Harmattan is a season in West Africa that occurs between the end of November and the middle of March. It is characterized by the dry and dusty northeasterly trade wind, of the same name, which blows from the Sahara over West Africa into the Gulf of Guinea. [1] The name is related to the word haramata in the Twi language. [2]
In doing so, they leave East Africa unusually dry for its latitude. [19] Low-level southwesterlies emanating from the Gulf of Guinea are the key moisture source for the West African monsoon in northern hemisphere summer. [20] The Tropical Easterly Jet, which forms high up in the atmosphere, 15–17 km above the surface, is another important factor.
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The African easterly jet is a region of the lower troposphere over West Africa where the seasonal mean wind speed is at a maximum and the wind is easterly. The temperature contrast between the Sahara Desert and the Gulf of Guinea causes the jet to form to the north of the monsoon trough. The jet's maximum wind speeds are at a height of 3 ...