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When testing wood in lumber form, the Janka test is always carried out on wood from the tree trunk (known as the heartwood), and the standard sample (according to ASTM D143) is at 12% moisture content and clear of knots. [3] The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain. Testing on the surface of a plank, perpendicular to the ...
The Brinell hardness is designated by the most commonly used test standards (ASTM E10-14 [2] and ISO 6506–1:2005) as HBW (H from hardness, B from brinell and W from the material of the indenter, tungsten (wolfram) carbide). In former standards HB or HBS were used to refer to measurements made with steel indenters.
Jeffrey pine wood and ponderosa pine wood are sold together as yellow pine. [6] Both kinds of wood are hard (with a Janka hardness of 550 lbf (2,400 N)), but the western yellow pine wood is less dense than southern yellow pine wood (28 lb/cu ft (0.45 g/cm 3 ) versus 35 lb/cu ft (0.56 g/cm 3 ) for shortleaf pine).
Mohs hardness of materials (data page) Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on ...
The heartwood from the pine tree, heart pine, is preferred by woodworkers and builders over the sapwood, [1] due to its strength, hardness and golden red coloration. The longleaf pine, the favored tree for heart pine, nearly went extinct due to logging. Before the 18th century, in the United States, longleaf pine forests, covered approximately ...
Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa) Scots pine, red pine (UK) (Pinus sylvestris) White pine. Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) Western white pine (Pinus monticola) Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) Southern yellow pine
Towards the centre of the trunk, the wood gets less hard. The wood has a Janka ball hardness of 112.5 - 154.7 kgf/cm 2 (1600 – 2200 psi), which is greater than that of oak (70.3 - 84.4 kgf/cm 2) and Douglas fir (35.9 kgf/cm 2). Coconut timber is classified according to three degrees of density: High-density timber (dermal) – hard: 600–900 ...
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus (/ ˈ p aɪ n ə s /) [2] of the family Pinaceae. Pinus is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae.. World Flora Online accepts 134 species-rank taxa (119 species and 15 nothospecies) of pines as current, with additional synonyms, [3] and Plants of the World Online 126 species-rank taxa (113 species and 13 nothospecies), [4] making it ...