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Visual proof of the Pythagorean identity: for any angle , the point (,) = (, ) lies on the unit circle, which satisfies the equation + =.Thus, + =. In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables ...
This article lists mathematical identities, that is, identically true relations holding in mathematics. Bézout's identity (despite its usual name, it is not, properly speaking, an identity) Binet-cauchy identity; Binomial inverse theorem; Binomial identity; Brahmagupta–Fibonacci two-square identity; Candido's identity; Cassini and Catalan ...
The quotient of a vector with itself is the scalar 1 = u/u, and when multiplied by any vector leaves it unchanged (the identity transformation). The quotient of any two perpendicular vectors of the same magnitude, J = u / v , which when multiplied rotates the divisor a quarter turn into the dividend, Jv = u , is a unit bivector which squares to ...
The same formula applies to octonions, with a zero real part and a norm equal to 1. These formulas are a direct generalization of Euler's identity, since and are the only complex numbers with a zero real part and a norm (absolute value) equal to 1.
A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the "imaginary unit", that satisfies i 2 = −1.
Also note that, when programming, and may have to be switched on the right hand side of the equations if to avoid losing the "1 +" due to rounding errors. Many programming languages have a specific log1p(x) function that calculates log e ( 1 + x ) {\displaystyle \log _{e}(1+x)} without underflow (when x {\displaystyle x} is small).
In computing, the modulo operation returns the remainder or signed remainder of a division, after one number is divided by another, called the modulus of the operation.. Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.
If one root r of a polynomial P(x) of degree n is known then polynomial long division can be used to factor P(x) into the form (x − r)Q(x) where Q(x) is a polynomial of degree n − 1. Q(x) is simply the quotient obtained from the division process; since r is known to be a root of P(x), it is known that the remainder must be zero.