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Nutritional science (also nutrition science, sometimes short nutrition, dated trophology [1]) is the science that studies the physiological process of nutrition (primarily human nutrition), interpreting the nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of an organism.
It provides organisms with nutrients, which can be metabolized to create energy and chemical structures. Failure to obtain the required amount of nutrients causes malnutrition. Nutritional science is the study of nutrition, though it typically emphasizes human nutrition. The type of organism determines what nutrients it needs and how it obtains ...
Nutritional genomics, also known as nutrigenomics, is a science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition and health. People in the field work toward developing an understanding of how the whole body responds to a food via systems biology, as well as single gene/single food compound relationships.
The epigenome of an organism can be triggered by just about any environmental signal, including climate change, food/water supply, plant nutrient, temperature etc. It has been estimated that more than 60% of deaths in humans are related to nutritional or dietary factors rather than environmental triggers.
The Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group estimate that under nutrition, "including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding—is a cause of 3.1 million child deaths and infant mortality, or 45% of all child deaths in 2011". [104]
The human diet can vary widely. In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism. [1] The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related).
The nutrition pyramid, also known as the food pyramid. Nutritional epidemiology examines dietary and nutritional factors in relation to disease occurrence at a population level. [1] Nutritional epidemiology is a relatively new field of medical research that studies the relationship between nutrition and health. [2]
Nutritionism is a paradigm that assumes that it is the scientifically identified nutrients in foods that determine the value of individual food stuffs in the diet. [1] In other words, it is the idea that the nutritional value of a food is the sum of all its individual nutrients, vitamins, and other components.