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2. Nominal Pipe Size - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size

   Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...

3. Hydraulic diameter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_diameter

   For a fully filled duct or pipe whose cross-section is a convex regular polygon, the hydraulic diameter is equivalent to the diameter of a circle inscribed within the wetted perimeter. This can be seen as follows: The N {\displaystyle N} -sided regular polygon is a union of N {\displaystyle N} triangles, each of height D / 2 {\displaystyle D/2 ...

4. Pipe (fluid conveyance) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)

   For pipe sizes of NPS 14 inch (DN 350) and greater the NPS size is the actual diameter in inches and the DN size is equal to NPS times 25 (not 25.4) rounded to a convenient multiple of 50. For example, NPS 14 has an OD of 14 inches or 355.60 millimetres, and is equivalent to DN 350.

5. Orifice plate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orifice_plate

   Orifice plate showing vena contracta. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. When a fluid (whether liquid or gaseous) passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice [1] but as the fluid is forced to converge to pass through the hole, the velocity increases and the fluid pressure decreases.

6. Hazen–Williams equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazen–Williams_equation

   S foot of water per foot of pipe; P d = pressure drop over the length of pipe in psig (pounds per square inch gauge pressure) L = length of pipe in feet; Q = flow, gpm (gallons per minute) C = pipe roughness coefficient; d = inside pipe diameter, in (inches) Note: Caution with U S Customary Units is advised. The equation for head loss in pipes ...

7. Miner's inch - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner's_inch

   The miner’s inch measures the amount of water that would flow through a slot of a given area at a given pressure (for example, at a head of 6 inches of water, or 1.5 kPa.) In miner's inch the word inch refers to the area of the slot in square inches, while the pressure in inches of water refers to the height of water above the slot. A ...

8. Hollow structural section - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_structural_section

   Rectangular and square HSS are also commonly called tube steel or box section. Circular HSS are sometimes mistakenly called steel pipe, although true steel pipe is actually dimensioned and classed differently from HSS. (HSS dimensions are based on exterior dimensions of the profile; pipes are also manufactured to an exterior tolerance, albeit ...

9. Piping and plumbing fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting

   Fittings allow multiple pipes to be connected to cover longer distances, increase or decrease the size of the pipe or tube, or extend a network by branching, and make possible more complex systems than could be achieved with only individual pipes. Valves are specialized fittings that permit regulating the flow of fluid within a plumbing system.