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An osteochondrodysplasia, [note 1] or skeletal dysplasia, is a disorder of the development of bone and cartilage. [1] Osteochondrodysplasias are rare diseases . About 1 in 5,000 babies are born with some type of skeletal dysplasia. [ 2 ]
Short-limb skeletal dysplasia with severe combined immunodeficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive type of achondroplasia which is characterized by short stature, bowing of the long bones, and generalized metaphyseal abnormalities alongside signs of SCID such as recurrent severe infections, failure to thrive, chronic diarrhea, and a notable absence of T and B lymphocytes.
Pseudoachondroplasia (also known as PSACH, pseudoachondroplastic dysplasia, and pseudoachondroplastic spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia syndrome) is an osteochondrodysplasia that results in mild to severely short stature due to the inhibition of skeletal growth primarily in the limbs. [2]
Platyspondylic lethal skeletal dysplasia, Torrance type is a severe disorder of bone growth. [1] People with this condition have very short arms and legs, a small chest with short ribs, underdeveloped pelvic bones , and unusually short fingers and toes ( brachydactyly ).
An infant with hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia showing shortened limbs. Hydrops-ectopic calcification-moth-eaten skeletal dysplasia causes the bones in a fetus to develop abnormally. This leads to a characteristic "moth eaten" appearance of the bones when viewed under an X-ray.
Over 100 specific skeletal dysplasias have been identified. Chondrodystrophy is found in all races and in both females and male and occurs in around one of every 25,000 children. Chondrodystrophy and achondroplasia are the most common forms of genetic hyaline disorders.
Achondrogenesis, type 2 is an uncommon skeletal dysplasia that is autosomal dominant and occurs at a frequency of approximately 0.2 per 100,000 births. [1] Also known by the name Langer-Saldino achondrogenesis, it is one of the fatal short-limbed dwarfisms linked to structural mutations in type II collagen.
Phytohemagglutinin. CHH is an autosomal recessive [2] inherited disorder. It is a highly pleiotropic disorder. A rarely encountered genetic phenomenon, known as uniparental disomy (a genetic circumstance where a child inherits two copies of a chromosome from one parent, as opposed to one copy from each parent) has also been observed with the disorder.