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Umlaut (literally "changed sound") is the German name of the sound shift phenomenon also known as i-mutation.In German, this term is also used for the corresponding letters ä, ö, and ü (and the diphthong äu) and the sounds that these letters represent.
German uses letter-diacritic combinations (Ä/ä, Ö/ö, Ü/ü) using the umlaut and one ligature (ẞ/ß (called eszett (sz) or scharfes S, sharp s)), but they do not constitute distinct letters in the alphabet.
While Germanic umlaut has had important consequences for all modern Germanic languages, its effects are particularly apparent in German, because vowels resulting from umlaut are generally spelled with a specific set of letters: ä , ö , and ü , usually pronounced /ɛ/ (formerly /æ/), /ø/, and /y/.
German has four special letters; three are vowels accented with an umlaut sign ( ä, ö, ü ) and one is derived from a ligature of ſ and z ( ß ; called Eszett "ess-zed/zee" or scharfes S "sharp s"). They have their own names separate from the letters they are based on.
The letter Ö, standing for Österreich, i.e. Austria, on a boundary stone at the German-Austrian border. The letter o with umlaut (ö [1]) appears in the German alphabet. It represents the umlauted form of o, resulting in or . The letter is often collated together with o in the German alphabet, but there are exceptions which collate it like oe ...
A glyph, U with umlaut, appears in the German alphabet. It represents the umlauted form of u, which results in when long and when short. The letter is collated together with U, or as UE. In languages that have adopted German names or spellings, such as Swedish, the letter also occurs. It is however not a part of these languages' alphabets.
Latin letter A with diaeresis. Ä (lowercase ä) is a character that represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter A with an umlaut mark or diaeresis. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, it represents the open central unrounded vowel.
The letter-name Eszett combines the names of the letters of s (Es) and z (Zett) in German. The character's Unicode names in English are double s, [1] sharp s [2] and eszett. [2] The Eszett letter is currently used only in German, and can be typographically replaced with the double-s digraph ss , if the ß