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Homocysteine thiolactone (HTL) is an organosulfur compound with the formula H 2 NCHC(O)SCH 2 CH 2. It is the thiolactone (intramolecular thioester ) of homocysteine . It is produced by methionyl-tRNA synthetase in an error-editing reaction that prevents translational incorporation of homocysteine into proteins .
Homocysteine can cyclize to give homocysteine thiolactone, a five-membered heterocycle. Because of this "self-looping" reaction, homocysteine-containing peptides tend to cleave themselves by reactions generating oxidative stress. [12] Homocysteine also acts as an allosteric antagonist at Dopamine D 2 receptors. [13]
The activation of the drug clopidogrel (top left) gives a thiolactone, which ring-opens. [3] Thiolactones are intermediates in the activation of some drugs. [4] In nature, the most common thiolactone is homocysteine thiolactone. It is produced from homocysteine. It may play a role in protein damage. [5]
Additionally ethanol can decrease the conversion of homocysteine to methionine which is an essential amino acid that is part of the formation of SAMe. [8] [27] Increased inflammation due to alcohol consumption can increase various cytokine formations especially NF-κB which is a transcription factor. [9]
By RYAN GORMAN Actor and comedian Robin Williams was sober when he committed suicide, according to a newly released coroner's report. Williams' sudden death August 11 shocked the world, and many ...
Risk factors known as of 2010 are: Quantity of alcohol taken: Consumption of 60–80 g per day (14 g is considered one standard drink in the US, e.g. 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 US fl oz or 44 mL hard liquor, 5 US fl oz or 150 mL wine, 12 US fl oz or 350 mL beer; drinking a six-pack of 5% ABV beer daily would be 84 g and just over the upper limit) for 20 years or more in men, or 20 g/day for women ...
Sister Wives alum Garrison Brown had a blood alcohol level three times the legal limit at the time of his death. According to the official autopsy report obtained by Us Weekly on Wednesday, May 15 ...
There are more than 3 million cases of acute alcohol intoxication annually in the US, many of which can be treated with rest, hydration, and a cessation of alcohol use.