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The Arabic alphabet, [a] or the Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language. It is a unicameral script written from right-to-left in a cursive style, and includes 28 letters, [ b ] of which most have contextual letterforms.
The word is derived from the Arabic verb طرق , (ṭaraqa), meaning "to strike", [2] and into the agentive conjugated doer form طارق , (ṭāriq), meaning "striker". It became popular as a name after Tariq ibn Ziyad , a Muslim military leader who conquered Iberia in the Battle of Guadalete in 711 AD.
When a letter was at the end of a word, it often developed an end loop, and as a result most Arabic letters have two or more shapes, so for example n ن and y ي have different shapes at the end of the words ( ـي , ـن ) but they have the same linked initial and medial shapes ( يـ , نـ ) as b, t, and ṯ ( بـ , تـ and ثـ ), the ...
Example reading "خط نڛتعليق" ("Nastaliq script") in Nastaliq. The dotted form ڛ is used in place of س .. Nastaliq (/ ˌ n æ s t ə ˈ l iː k, ˈ n æ s t ə l iː k /; [2], Persian: [næstʰæʔliːq]; Urdu: [nəst̪ɑːliːq]), also romanized as Nastaʿlīq or Nastaleeq, is one of the main calligraphic hands used to write the Perso-Arabic script and it is used for some ...
The Arabic script is the writing system used for Arabic (Arabic alphabet) and several other languages of Asia and Africa. It is the second-most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world (after the Latin script ), [ 2 ] the second-most widely used writing system in the world by number of countries using it, and the third-most by number ...
The literal meaning of تَشْكِيل tashkīl is 'formation'. As the normal Arabic text does not provide enough information about the correct pronunciation, the main purpose of tashkīl (and ḥarakāt) is to provide a phonetic guide or a phonetic aid; i.e. show the correct pronunciation for children who are learning to read or foreign learners.
Arabic typography is the typography of letters, graphemes, characters or text in Arabic script, for example for writing Arabic, Persian, or Urdu. 16th century Arabic typography was a by-product of Latin typography with Syriac and Latin proportions and aesthetics.
Those letters that do not have a close phonetic approximation in the Latin script are often expressed using numerals or other characters, so that the numeral graphically approximates the Arabic letter that one would otherwise use (e.g. ع is represented using the numeral 3 because the latter looks like a vertical reflection of the former).