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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
[1] The following tables present pulmonic and non-pulmonic consonants. In the IPA, a pulmonic consonant is a consonant made by obstructing the glottis (the space between the vocal cords) or oral cavity (the mouth) and either simultaneously or subsequently letting out air from the lungs.
The general principle of the IPA is to provide one letter for each distinctive sound (speech segment). [note 3] This means that: It does not normally use combinations of letters to represent single sounds, the way English does with sh , th and ng , nor single letters to represent multiple sounds, the way x represents /ks/ or /ɡz/ in English.
Within the chart “close”, “open”, “mid”, “front”, “central”, and “back” refer to the placement of the sound within the mouth. [3] At points where two sounds share an intersection, the left is unrounded, and the right is rounded which refers to the shape of the lips while making the sound. [4]
As of Unicode version 16.0, there are 155,063 characters with code points, covering 168 modern and historical scripts, as well as multiple symbol sets.This article includes the 1,062 characters in the Multilingual European Character Set 2 subset, and some additional related characters.
[1] The semantic and graphic categories of the symbols are assigned different ranges of numbers: The 100 series are IPA consonants, the 200s retired and non-IPA consonants, the 300s vowels, the 400s diacritics, the 500s suprasegmentals, the 600s extIPA, the 700s capital letters and the 900s delimiters. [1] Some symbols have more than one code. [2]
Combined sound and graphics chip, metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit [1] POKEY: 1979 4 Atari 8-bit, Atari 5200, some Atari arcade machines, certain Atari 7800 cartridges [2] Atari AMY: 1983 64/8 Intended for 65XEM (never released) HMOS (depletion mode NMOS) chip, additive synthesis chip (64 oscillators, 8 frequency ramps) [3 ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 January 2025. This is a list of onomatopoeias, i.e. words that imitate, resemble, or suggest the source of the sound that they describe. For more information, see the linked articles. Human vocal sounds Achoo, Atishoo, the sound of a sneeze Ahem, a sound made to clear the throat or to draw attention ...