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Crankshaft position sensor (CKP) Curb feeler; Defect detector; Engine coolant temperature sensor; Hall effect sensor; Wheel speed sensor; Airbag sensors; Automatic transmission speed sensor; Brake fluid pressure sensor; Camshaft position sensor (CMP) Cylinder Head Temperature gauge; Engine crankcase pressure sensor; Exhaust gas temperature ...
An electronic control unit (ECU), also known as an electronic control module (ECM), is an embedded system in automotive electronics that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a car or other motor vehicle.
An actuator can be just a mechanism that is directly driven by the motions or forces of other parts of the system. An example is the camshafts that drive the intake and exhaust valves in internal combustion engines, driven by the engine itself. Another example is the mechanism that strikes the hours in a traditional grandfather clock or cuckoo ...
Delco ECU used in General Motors vehicles built in 1996. An engine control unit (ECU), also called an engine control module (ECM), [1] is a device that controls various subsystems of an internal combustion engine.
In the case of linear feedback systems, a control loop including sensors, control algorithms, and actuators is arranged in an attempt to regulate a variable at a setpoint (SP). An everyday example is the cruise control on a road vehicle; where external influences such as hills would cause speed changes, and the driver has the ability to alter ...
A yaw rate sensor that measures the rotation rate of the car. The data from the yaw sensor is compared with the data from the steering wheel angle sensor to determine regulating action. [47] A lateral acceleration sensor that measures the vehicle's lateral acceleration. This is often called an accelerometer. Wheel speed sensors that measure ...
A typical ETC system consists of three major components: (i) an accelerator pedal module (ideally with two or more independent sensors), (ii) a throttle valve that can be opened and closed by an electric motor (sometimes referred to as an electric or electronic throttle body (ETB)), and (iii) a powertrain or engine control module (PCM or ECM). [4]
The earliest electronic systems available as factory installations were vacuum tube car radios, starting in the early 1930s.The development of semiconductors after World War II greatly expanded the use of electronics in automobiles, with solid-state diodes making the automotive alternator the standard after about 1960, and the first transistorized ignition systems appearing in 1963.