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Drainage gradient (DG) is a term in road design, defined as the combined slope due to road surface cross slope (CS) and longitudinal slope (hilliness). Although the term may not be used, the concept is also used in roof design and landscape architecture. If the drainage gradient is too low, rain and melt water drainage will be insufficient.
Headward erosion is a fluvial process of erosion that lengthens a stream, a valley or a gully at its head and also enlarges its drainage basin. The stream erodes away at the rock and soil at its headwaters in the opposite direction that it flows. Once a stream has begun to cut back, the erosion is sped up by the steep gradient the water is ...
Cross section of a road. 1. Gutter; 2. Shoulder; 3. Sub-base; 4. Base course; 5. Asphalt. Cross slope, cross fall or camber is a geometric feature of pavement surfaces: the transverse slope with respect to the horizon.
Consequently, a drainage basin with a relatively higher drainage density will be more efficiently drained than a higher density one. [7] Because of the more extensive drainage system in a higher density basin, precipitation entering the basement will, on average, travel a shorter distance over the slower hillslopes before reaching the faster ...
The occipital lymph nodes, one to three in number, are located on the back of the head close to the margin of the trapezius and resting on the insertion of the semispinalis capitis. Their afferent vessels drain the occipital region of the scalp , while their efferents pass to the superior deep cervical glands .
Dendritic drainage: the Yarlung Tsangpo River, Tibet, seen from space: snow cover has melted in the valley system. In geomorphology, drainage systems, also known as river systems, are the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin. They are governed by the topography of land, whether a particular region is ...
the design drain spacing (L) can be found from the equation in dependence of the drain depth (Dd) and drain radius (r). Drainage criteria One would not want the water table to be too shallow to avoid crop yield depression nor too deep to avoid drought conditions. This is a subject of drainage research.
Invert level affects flow from drainage pipes. In civil engineering, the invert level is the base interior level of a pipe, trench or tunnel; it can be considered the "floor" level. [1] The invert is an important datum for determining the functioning or flowline of a piping system.