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Hadass (Hebrew: הדס , pl. hadassim - הדסים ) is a branch of the myrtle tree that forms part of the netilat loulav used on the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. Hadass is one of the Four species (arbaʿath haminim– ארבעת המינים ). The others are the lulav (date palm frond), aravah , and etrog .
Myrtus communis, the common myrtle or true myrtle, is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It is an evergreen shrub native to southern Europe, North Africa, Western Asia, Macaronesia, and the Indian Subcontinent, and also cultivated. [3] The plant is an evergreen shrub or small tree, growing to 5 metres (16 ft) tall. [4]
Myrtle branches were sometimes given the bridegroom as he entered the nuptial chamber after a wedding (Tos. Sotah 15:8; Ketubot 17a). Myrtles are both the symbol and scent of the Garden of Eden (BhM II: 52; Sefer ha-Hezyonot 17). The Hekhalot text the Merkavah Rabbah requires one to suck on a myrtle leaves as an element of a theurgic ritual.
The mitzvah of waving the four species derives from the Torah. Leviticus 23:40 states: . And you shall take on the first day the fruit of splendid trees, branches of palm trees and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the L ORD your God for seven days.
When she is introduced, in Esther 2:7, she is first referred to by the Hebrew name Hadassah, [5] which means "myrtle tree." [6] This name is absent from the early Greek manuscripts, although present in the targumic texts, and was probably added to the Hebrew text in the 2nd century CE at the earliest to stress the heroine's Jewishness. [7]
Lulav (; Hebrew: לוּלָב ) is a closed frond of the date palm tree. It is one of the Four Species used during the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. The other Species are the hadass , aravah , and etrog . When bound together, the lulav, hadass, and aravah are commonly referred to as "the lulav".
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Aravah (Hebrew: ערבה , pl. aravot - ערבות ) is a leafy branch of the willow tree. It is one of the Four Species (arbaʿath haminim - ארבעת המינים ) used in a special waving ceremony during the Jewish holiday of Sukkot. The other species are the lulav (palm frond), hadass , and etrog .