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A thoracic aorta diameter greater than 3.5 cm is generally considered dilated, whereas a diameter greater than 4.5 cm is generally considered to be a thoracic aortic aneurysm. [4] Still, the average diameter in the population varies by for example age and sex.
An aortic sinus, also known as a sinus of Valsalva, [1] is one of the anatomic dilations of the ascending aorta, which occurs just above the aortic valve. These widenings are between the wall of the aorta and each of the three cusps of the aortic valve.
Aneurysm of the aortic sinus, also known as the sinus of Valsalva, is a rare abnormality of the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta normally has three small pouches that sit directly above the aortic valve (the sinuses of Valsalva), and an aneurysm of one of these sinuses is a thin-walled swelling.
The size cut off for aortic aneurysm is crucial to its treatment. A thoracic aorta greater than 4.5 cm is generally defined as aneurysmal, while a size greater than 5.5 cm is the distinction for treatment, which can be either endovascular or surgical, with the former reserved for pathology at the descending aorta. [12] [13]
Abdominal aortic aneurysms are commonly divided according to their size and symptomatology. An aneurysm is usually defined as an outer aortic diameter over 3 cm (normal diameter of the aorta is around 2 cm), [43] or more than 50% of normal diameter. [44] If the outer diameter exceeds 5.5 cm, the aneurysm is considered to be large. [42]
The aortic valve usually has three leaflets and is located between the left ventricle of the heart, and the aorta. [1] AS typically results in a heart murmur. [1] Its severity can be divided into mild, moderate, severe, and very severe, distinguishable by ultrasound scan of the heart. [1]
Coming out of the heart, the thoracic aorta has a maximum diameter of 40 mm at the root. By the time it becomes the ascending aorta, the diameter should be < 35–38 mm, and 30 mm at the arch. The diameter of the descending aorta should not exceed 25 mm. [8] [9] The arch of the aorta lies within the mediastinum.
The pulmonary trunk bifurcates into right and left pulmonary arteries below the arch of aorta and in front of the left main bronchus. [1] Pulmonary trunk is short and wide – approximately 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in length [2] and 2 centimetres (0.79 in)-3 centimetres (1.2 in) in diameter. [3] [4]
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