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India is the world's largest manufacturer of legal opium for the pharmaceutical industry according to the CIA World Factbook. [1] India is one among 12 countries in world where legal cultivation for medical use is permissible within the ambit of United Nations , Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961 .
In 1976, it began extracting alkaloids in addition to processing opium. The Nimach factory, also known as Neemuch factory, is an acronym for Northern India Mounted Artillery and Cavalry Headquarters. The opium factory is known to have the largest opium receptacle in the world, resembling a large backyard swimming pool. It holds 450 tons of opium.
Starting in the mid to late eighteenth century, the British East India Company had a firm grasp on its opium monopoly. However, around the turn of the nineteenth century, the British supply, which came from its territories in Eastern India, specifically Bengal, was not sufficient to meet the demands of China, with whom the British traded most of their opium. [2]
On 10 April 1891, the anti-opium movement managed to get a motion passed in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom that urged an end to non-medical sales of opium in India, though with an amendment that would compensate the Government of India for any losses in revenue. [5]
Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. [4] Approximately 12 percent of opium is made up of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade.
The main function of CBN is to stop opium production and trade, and to issue licences for production of legal synthetic drugs. The Central Bureau of Narcotics headquarters is located at Gwalior . The incumbent Commissioner of Central Bureau of Narcotics is an Indian Revenue Service (IRS) officer, Dinesh Bouddh IRS.
The Act extends to the whole of India and it applies also to all Indian citizens outside India and to all persons on ships and aircraft registered in India. A proposal to amend the NDPS Act via a Private Member's Bill was announced by Dr. Dharamvira Gandhi MP in November 2016. Dr. Gandhi's bill would legalise marijuana and opium. [6]
Ghazipur is well known for its opium factory, established by the British East India Company in 1820 and still the biggest legal opium factory in the world, producing the drug for the global pharmaceutical industry. [5] Ghazipur lies close to the Uttar Pradesh-Bihar border, about 80 km (50 mi) east of Varanasi. [6]