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Harappa is the type site of the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation ("IVC"), as it was the first IVC site to be excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India during the British Raj, although its significance did not become manifest until the discovery of Mohenjo-daro some years later.
Two years later, the Company contracted Alexander Burnes to sail up the Indus to assess the feasibility of water travel for its army. [37] Burnes, who also stopped in Harappa, noted the baked bricks employed in the site's ancient masonry, but noted also the haphazard plundering of these bricks by the local population. [37]
It is made of a curved shell and about 5000 years old." [2] Shipyard: The world's oldest shipyard has been found in Lothal. It is situated 80 km south of Ahmedabad in Gujarat. [3] [4] Cockfighting: Cockfighting was a pastime in the Indus Valley Civilisation in what today is Pakistan by 2000 BCE [5] and one of the uses of the fighting cock.
Largest burial site of IVC, with 65 burials, found in India Ganweriwala: Punjab: Pakistan: Equidistant from both Harappa and Mohenjodaro, it is near a dry bed of the former Ghaggar River. It is a site of almost the same size as Mahenjo-daro. It may have been the third major center in the IVC as it is near to the copper-rich mines in Rajasthan ...
Several periodisations are employed for the periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation. [1] [2] While the Indus Valley Civilisation was divided into Early, Mature, and Late Harappan by archaeologists like Mortimer Wheeler, [3] newer periodisations include the Neolithic early farming settlements, and use a stage–phase model, [1] [4] [3] often combining terminology from various systems.
[4] According to Kennedy and Mallory & Adams, the Cemetery H culture also "shows clear biological affinities" with the earlier population of Harappa. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Some traits of the Cemetery H culture have been associated with the Swat culture , which has been regarded as evidence of the Indo-Aryan movement toward the Indian subcontinent. [ 7 ]
A close-up photo shows an intricate gold artifact found in the 1,200-year-old grave. El Caño Archaeological Park is in Coclé province and about 80 miles southwest of Panama City.
In the 1920 ASI Reports, Daya Ram Sahni describes his explorations starting from 1917 as he had since conducted preliminary investigations at the ancient site near Harappa in Montgomery District. He excavated Harappa again in 1923–1925, then again in 1930–31 with the assistance of Ernest J. H. Mackay. [10]