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However, New England was the site of the development of preprinted designs on burlap, indicating a shift in the status of rug hooking, at least for some. While preprinted embroidery patterns had long existed, it was Philena Moxley of Lowell, Massachusetts who first developed a business stamping embroidery and rug hooking designs about 1868-1871.
Pearl McGown learned rug-hooking as a child. [1] Hooked rugs are made by pulling loops of yarn or thin strips of fabric through a base material with an open weave, typically burlap or linen. [2] [3] [4] In North America, rug-hooking has been a widespread handicraft since the early 19th century, possibly brought over by English textile workers. [5]
A latch hook for rugmaking. Traditional rug hooking is a craft in which rugs are made by pulling loops of yarn or fabric through a stiff woven base such as burlap, linen, rug warp or monks cloth. The loops are pulled through the backing material by using a latch hook mounted in a handle (usually wood) for leverage. [2]
Kilim are therefore called flatweave or flatware rugs. [1] To create a sharp pattern, weavers usually end each pattern element at a particular thread, winding the coloured weft threads back around the same warps, leaving a narrow gap or slit. These are prized by collectors for the crispness of their decoration.
The rugs continued to be popular through the 19th century. The design motifs on early American hooked rugs varied, consisting predominantly of geometric patterns, floral designs, landscapes, seascapes and animals. No matter what the motif, hooked rugs displayed a great sense of individual expression.
Bakhtiari rugs were also known after their place of origin, such as Saman or Hureh (Hori). [4] However, Bakhtiari patterns are copied in other weaving centers in Iran, Pakistan, India and China; the location-based name often refers to the place of origin of the pattern and the quality of the rug, rather than to its place of actual manufacture.
Toward the end of the 19th century, Navajo weavers began to make rugs for non-Native tourists and for export. Earlier Navajo textiles have strong geometric patterns. They are a flat tapestry-woven textile produced in a fashion similar to kilims of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, but with some notable differences. In Navajo weaving, the slit ...
Penny rugs are believed to date back to at least the 1700s but became popular in the 1800s, starting around the time of the Civil War. [1] Thrifty homemakers would use scraps of wool or felted wool from old clothing, blankets and hats to create designs for mats or rugs .
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